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What will never change


Lately the president general and more gloss spokesmen have referred to the Cuban government to his alleged readiness to change "everything must be changed." Both repeat the theme forces you to think and to stress that that will never change for the Cuban regime to maintain the style of governance that has been tuned for over fifty years.

The last exodus, ie that began in 2010 and is still, certainly has not been extensive. The Cuban government became involved and is still engaged in a kind of selective exodus. The English government currently acts as the accomplice appellant has made its most expensive political fantasy and at least this time, replaced the U.S. government. They are the counterpart of the current exodus comprising mainly targeted to the undesirable political and not social.

The Cuban government, the olive green military partidocracia not change their habits to banish, imprison and eventually kill, because this is their nature and the nature of something, never changes.

As the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not a binding tool and every dictatorship and / or failed state in the world can rape on their own, the Cuban regime will not change its character as a violator of the same in most or what suits all its articles.

Today it is called "absurd bans" all or a large part of the mooring partidocracia totalitarian militaristic and encouragement court today fascist, maintains on the people of Cuba. According to the president general appointed in a line of succession is clearly voluntary, the mooring will be reviewed and those that do not pose a threat to the precarious totalitarian governance, will be removed.

So that will never change is the disrespect of this government to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Nor meekly returned sovereignty to the people who remain in the hands of an elite military geriatric and cruel. Unfortunately, "this," these people "and the rest of civil liberties, enter the premises of the things that never change. So the first thing to be deleted is "this" and an essential element, remove as soon as possible "these people" of Cuba's political space.

(Editorial 165, Spring Digital )

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The referendum that never was finished

By Mikhail Bonito

Santiago de Chile 26/04/2011

In an effort to legitimize the results of the VI Congress of the CCP, the Castro regime will break their own laws.

Closing of the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party's official crowning of Raúl Castro in charge of "the highest leading force of society and the state," has been almost the same as when it was announced years ago that the Cubans were entitled to use cell phones. The world wants change so that Cuba, which every nuance is considered a huge breakthrough. It sometimes happens that a country statue, even blinks, simulating movement. Much has been made of the gerontocracy, mediocrity of the changes, asylum in power for another ten years, but little has been said of the omission of the legal channels by the government and the PCC in its own decision-making .

The Congress of the CPC, held more than a decade of delay, discussed the Guidelines for the Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution. These guidelines were "discussed" by nearly nine million citizens, according to Raul Castro issued more than three million views. Then Castro himself said that "... in all participants included not been defined precisely, tens of thousands of activists ... who attended both meetings of its committees or the basic core as those held in workplace or further study in the communities where they reside. It is also the case of non military and participate in working groups and later in the respective neighborhoods. " Nine million are reduced then to an unknown quantity, but rather less than the initial figure.

In an effort to legitimize the Guidelines, Castro contends that the results of the debate are "... a kind of referendum on the depth, scope and pace of change that we make ...."

But it happens that a kind of referendum has no meaning, either legally or politically, for two basic reasons. To give legal validity to the document in terms of democratic practice, it is essential to submit the final document, once the Congress of the CCP, a real referendum, according to the Cuban electoral law, where citizens are able to vote to decide whether they accept those guidelines. This is necessary because the Guidelines involve legislative changes ranging from the sphere to the social security tax, to first order changes in the field of labor law relations. It is the People's National Assembly called for convening this process.

From the political point of view, assuming as "a kind of referendum" meetings of opinion is only a demagogic claim that invalidates the legitimacy of the changes. Many opponents and dissidents were attacked verbally with phrases like "this discussion is to improve the revolution" and others of the same tenor as tried to participate in the assemblies of their neighborhoods, and opinions who called for systemic changes such as access to power, respect for DD HH, the elimination of entry and exit permits, free market economy, free elections and the change in the direction of the country were removed from the minutes of meetings where they occurred. Discuss in workplaces, which performs a process of elimination of positions and layoff of personnel, means that very few people point out hot spots, otherwise swell the list of unemployed.

The "democratic centralism" is the principle of party structure has to traspolado society as a form of sui generis exercise of Cuban democracy. Translates into discussions of social base, which will report to higher spheres until they are validated and become binding. This is nothing more than an exercise in double standards based on the prevailing social fear and the restrictions of a discussion led by the CCP at every level in society, ignoring the mechanisms established under the Constitution and laws of the republic .

Something we have seen previously in the government response to the Varela Project, when it was declared constitutional the irrevocable nature of socialism, and sought to legitimize the act similar to a popular discussion, without call use of the referendum.

When debate on a "sort of referendum", we live in this "sort of democracy."

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For Vladimiro Roca Antúnez

ended the so-called debates of the 6 th Congress of the CCP, and I say called, because even remotely there was a serious procedure that has not been in the script of the discussions.


first thing that caught my attention was the explicit recognition of Raul Castro's failure to comply with the agreements of the five previous congresses, which he said he was ashamed, I doubt you have shame, because if I had been waived for a long time, since part of the liability for breach of such agreements rests with him, although the main responsibility is to his brother.


On this important and fundamental point none of the delegates said. None of the delegates occur to them, although they were called by the brand new first secretary to do so, that's the main reason why the country is in a situation where it is. That those most responsible for failure to size are the first and second secretaries of the central committee. Both had to be removed in the second congress of the irresponsible act made. None of them thought the matter of the highest order, did not have the courage to do so.
did not analyze the first defaulter of the agreements of all conferences is who was until recently its first secretary. That's not because he refused to comply, as well as first secretary of the CC of the PCC, was President of the Councils of State and Minister. It seems to think and analyze two tasks only Fidel Castro.


Being out of counting the results of the work of first secretary and central committee of the whole, the results of the conference were more than predictable.


The updated model called socialist means continuing the cult of irresponsibility as a central feature of the analysis and decisions of the high party leadership, more concerned with not losing the privileges they enjoy in the hardships of the people, of course, they do not know! It means continuing the political and social repression against any expression of disagreement or dissatisfaction by any element of society. Means more limitations on people's consumption patterns. Means less economic freedom for all Cubans. Means more undercapitalized and capitalization of the economy.


But it also means more privileges for elected officials and their families, more and better housing, more and better cars, more trips, more exclusive venues for parties, more alienation of the population and its needs. In short, as they say here, more of the same.


can not deny that Congress opened a glimmer of hope for much of the population, I expected more after the discussion of the guidelines, but as I said a friend, did not understand the meaning of the word guideline : what Fidel tells Raul "line that gets you I lie."


With the closure of Congress have also closed the few hopes of the people to see in the short term improvement to their poor living conditions. For them, life remains unchanged: to leave each day to the streets to fight to continue to survive until the time you finish his job and take forever to the gang of outlaws who took power in 1959.

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Congress YEMEN: democracy versus autocracy tribal tribal



By John F.

Benemelis

Yemen, heel of the Arabian Peninsula, is a country predominantly tribal. The north has long been a territorial unit in the city center of Sana'a, and was independent throughout the Middle Ages, but then fell to the Turks. The southern part, always refused to join the North on their property differently, both tribal and cultural. The South was the territory that the British colonized (the so-called Arab Emirates) and became an independent country in the mid sixties, only after a bloody armed struggle against the British. Historically, there have been constant political and military clashes between the northern, more orthodox from the Islamic point of view, and the south, lay, until early in the decade of 1990 was achieved unification of the two territories.


The current popular revolution in Yemen, stars to President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who launched the protests, to political classic, a tribal society and external relations. President Saleh has been in power for almost 33 years. We must have 12 years in the former North Yemen and 21 in the unified Yemen. President Saleh has certainly been more astute politician and a Yemeni born survivor, a "change coat" that has balanced its tendency to accumulate power greedy with their desire for wealth in their hands and their families.


Salé in 1962 participated in the successful military uprising led by Colonel Abdullah As-Salal against the king Imam Muhammad al-Badr, a fact that proclaimed the Yemen Arab Republic. But the Shiite Imam, assisted by Saudi Arabia, he reorganized his forces to regain power, beginning a civil war. As a battalion commander in charge of the defense of the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, Salé was one of those involved in the coup in June 1974 that replaced the then President Abdul Rahman al-Iriani. In June 1978 President Ahmad al-Gashmi, was killed by exploiting a suitcase sent by the government of South Yemen. Gen. Saleh assumed leadership of the General Staff of the Army armored forces, and integrated the Presidential Council led by Abdul Karim al-Arashi.


In northern Yemen, have dominion always two powerful tribal confederations: the Hashid and Bakeel. When you exit, part of the Hashid tribal confederation, took power in 1978, relied on his own tribe (the Sanhe), and in the other tribes of the confederacy Hashid, marginalizing the tribe Bake step, the rival of that. Nepotism and corruption of Salé led to his own tribesmen clans opposed him, then, President Saleh did the unthinkable and unforgivable, to compromise with rival tribal confederation, with the Bakeel; move that earned him the longest-holding power, as the Yemeni tribe Bakeel is the largest and the most reach.


General Saleh was found to be the most visible personero a moderate pro-Egyptian, pro-Saudi and pro-American, and won for U.S. military weapons for the military campaign against the socialist South Yemen . In this war against Yemen's southern border in 1979, General Saleh met with the then leader Southerner, the Marxist Abdul Fatah Ismail to carry out the merger of the two territories.


In August 1981 the Northern army crushed an invasion guerrilla Salé National Democratic Front (JWD), sponsored by the Southern system of Aden. General Saleh was then presented to the city of Aden, South Yemen, negotiating with adenita then president Ali Nasser Mohammed the creation of a council formed by the two presidents to oversee the work reunified.


virtually depended North Yemen, Saudi Arabia in two ways: family remittances from one million migrant workers and direct government financial support of Riyadh. But in 1985, then-King Saudi Fahad, caused a collapse in oil prices, leaving work to hundreds of thousands of Yemenis. Saudi Arabia has not looked favorably upon the idea of \u200b\u200ba unification of the two Yemen. In addition to a large section of the border with Yemen was to be defined, since the founding of the Saudi kingdom in 1932, and always took place at that border tensions and armed clashes.


Salé The president and then approached the Soviet Union and radical Arab countries (Libya, Syria, Iraq) to diversify trade and seeking financial relief. In October 1981, Saleh traveled to Moscow to renegotiate the payment of arms supplied and in October 1984 with the Kremlin signed a Treaty of Amity and Cooperation valid for 20 years. Absolutely identified with the Palestinian cause and a close friend of Yasser Arafat, President Saleh gave shelter to Al-Fatah Fedayeen, which established its headquarters in Sana'a.


The discovery in 1985 of major oil reserves in the area of \u200b\u200bMareb-Al Jauf aroused great expectations in a desolate country, but the economic slump in the international market produced returns well below those expected.


Throughout his career, Salé, as every politician Yemeni created an extensive network of patronage which included influential tribal chiefs, Islamic jurists and senior military. This pipe dream called General People's Congress (GPC), an alleged party with which he has ruled from Sana'a as its capital. Heir to a primarily military, the party leader as noryemení structured way of support to establish a form of unification with the south. In the second half of the eighties Salé, led a policy of national reconciliation based on a double, but fragile balance between the tribes of the interior (bastions of traditionalism and autonomous from the central government), and the Army attached to secularism and republicanism. And, on the other hand, among the Shiite sect zaidita (59% of the population), and the Sunnis of the Shafi'i subsectors (39%). To the great surprise in the elections of July 1988, a quarter of the seats had gone to the Muslim Brotherhood militants.


Meanwhile, in southern Yemen bloody battles took place between the factions of the ruling Socialist Party in 1986 reached levels of a civil war that ended with the defeat of the faction led by pro-Soviet Abdul-Fatah Ismail. The new strong man of the South, Abu Bakr al-Attas, immediately sought an alliance of northern Yemen, realizing chaos taking place in the Soviet bloc and the USSR affected. Between 1986 and 1989 steps were taken between the capital, Aden and Sana'a, to establish a unified state and a suspected multi-party model.


But in both Yemen was a stubborn resistance to unification. The heart of the discord was the position of the Sharia legal system in the state. Northern traditionalists and fundamentalists demanded his consecration as sole source of law, while southern areas fiercely opposed, especially by the treatment of women. The Saudis also tried to abort a merger that would form a secular promontory in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, and suspicious that the president could control Salé Northern Southerners. The Saudis incited uprisings noryemenitas traditional tribes, which triggered a wave of terrorist attacks against suryemenitas.


The May 22, 1990 Presidents Attas Salé and proclaimed in the city of Aden the merger and Salé became head of state, with a Presidential Council with two members of the South, and two members of the North. Attas became prime minister.


But the new state was a disaster before the Iraq invasion of Kuwait on 2 August. Salé was indebted to Saddam Hussein, whom he had supported during the war with Iran, and also for its generous contribution to the unification, quite the contrary to Saudi Arabia. The streets of the country became a hotbed of support for Saddam Hussein and President Saleh was marked throughout the Gulf crisis, for their unconditional support to Iraq. In January 1991, Yemen submitted to the Security Council of the UN peace plan that included an unconditional Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait, which was unsuccessful.


After the defeat of Iraq, Saleh paid dearly bet the wrong horse. Saudi Arabia expelled unceremoniously one million Yemeni residents, while the Gulf monarchies and some Western countries, cut its development cooperation and lines of credit. The brutal drop in state revenues Yemeni further unbalanced trade deficit worsened the foreign debt, devalued the currency, the rial, and inflation triggered the disastrous effects on unemployment.


In the April 1993 elections to the House of Representatives, the alliance between the party of President Saleh in the southern premier Attas went into crisis when an unsuccessful attempt to merge party. Southerners began adenitas to externalize their distaste for the loophole that was taking the unification, interpreted as a mere South weaker absorption by the North. Also not produced the expected integration of the two armies, which were virtually separated into control and troops.


The framework built by Saleh began to fracture by welding precariously linking Islam with traditionalism on the one hand, and secularism and socialism on the other. Southern politicians were disturbed by the bombing campaign conducted against them by Islamic northerners, while rejecting the compromise with the tribal traditionalists also from the north.


In August 1993, the elected vice-president Southern, Ali Salem Al-Baid refused to appear at Sana'a, the capital of the state, claiming that the fundamentalists want to kill him. In February and April 1994 incidents were generalized and fighting between northerners and southerners, in different parts of the country. On 5 May, the country plunged into civil war, when Saleh declared a state of emergency to "neutralize the separatist elements", accusing the vice-president Al-Baid to "lead the nation into the abyss of fratricide" .


The contest was so brief and bloody, with ground operations and bombings air. The superiority of Salé army came after several days of fierce battles, and the Northerners entered the city of Aden on 5 July. Al-Baid from their stronghold in the southern mountains of the region of Hadramut received no international recognition, even of Saudi Arabia interested in the failure of a unified Yemen democratizing pretensions. Attas had been dismissed on suspicion Salé, started from his refuge Saudi National Front Opposition. Al-Baid, however, reported from Oman withdrawal from political activity.


The September 28, 1994 the legislature confirmed to the Shariah as the only source of law and enshrined the supremacy of the party of President Saleh. The North-South Presidential Council was dissolved and Sale was inaugurated president, a vice president of his party, General Abdul al-Hadi. The northerners revenge multiplied, becoming in fact the south entirely subject to the police and the courts in Sana'a. The former single party was marginalized South of the legislative elections, and slid to an unambiguous opposition.


Then, the president sought Salé rebuild ties with the Arab world and Iran, liquidating two territorial disputes: that of Saudi Arabia, which renounced the regions from the 1930 losses, and Eritrea by the delimitation of maritime boundary at the entrance of the Red Sea. Saleh visited France in October 1997, and the United States in April 2000.


The Islamist attack of October 12, 2000 against a U.S. destroyer docked in the port of Aden, slightly damaged the good relations with Washington and revealed the influence of fundamentalists in Yemen after Saleh gave approve the priority of the Shariah. Was evident, in turn, the fragile security of the country, the abduction of foreigners by the northern tribes, fighting between Muslim fundamentalists of the Muslim Brotherhood and traditional followers of cults, both Sunni and Sufi as well as government repression against journalists and activists protest. On the other hand, Salé, garlanded as a quarterback in December 1997 took over the Falcons in the Arab world demanded strong action against Israel in the Arab world.


The genesis of the current popular explosion takes place by the incongruity of Yemen as a country. Were not only high levels of corruption, nepotism, the government of President Saleh, politically illegitimate. Among the long list of problems faced by the government of President Saleh, are the known Houthi Zaidi rebellion in the northern region of Saada, and the secessionist movement in the south, thus promoting the revival and strengthening of the old tribal structures as well as the settlement of international terrorist groups.

The guerrillas known as Houthis, constitute a group zaiditas rebel tribesmen, who was named after Sheikh Hussein al-Houthi, a Shiite religious leader of vast prestige in the north, who started a movement protest in favor of Al Qaeda and against the alignment Yemeni United States in the War on Terrorism. The Shiite Sheikh Al-Houthi was killed by people close to president in 2004, but his followers continue the armed opposition to the present day, secretly supported by Saudi Arabia, which provides them with weapons, resources and shelters.


zaidita This community, the center of Shiism in the entire Middle East, and whose Imam has more prestige and authority that the Iranian ayatollahs, was the pole of political power in North Yemen for centuries. Founded the Zaidi Shia Imamate of Yemen in the late ninth century and remained in power until the revolution pro-Nasser, the nationalist military of 1962 overthrew the Imam Muhammad al-Badr, since then, the new government worked to weaken the Zaidi, who look back to regain political power and social and religious influence in Yemen today.


Moreover, secessionist tendencies in southern Yemen have increased to the neglect of the Heal the economic problems and political and social marginalization of the Southern leaders, with the patronage of President Saleh for his tribal clients , which was formed during the 1994 civil war, in which the current president defeated his opponents in elections socialist South Yemen.


The current protests in southern Yemen are not new, nor are determined by the events of the contemporary Islamic world. South pronouncements are triggered as early as 2007, with the unfulfilled promises of political reform by President Saleh, in response to the bloody repression that took place against such demonstration in the city of Aden. And while it is in the area of \u200b\u200bShabwa, in the south, where many oil facilities in the country, southerners accuse the North of having seized these resources and Had they been excluded.


Another element by which the southern Yemeni seek separation is the inability of central government, from Sanaa to administer and govern the territories of the south, especially southeastern Yemen, which has been virtually out of control, thus facilitating the settlement of terrorist groups linked to al-Qaeda exploiting the military infrastructure and guerrilla training previously built by the Cubans on the island of Socotra, in the eastern part of Bab-el-Mandeb, inside the Hadramut, on the border with the Rub-al-Khali and Radfan Yemen, bordering Oman.


This current crisis in addition to economic indicators that put Yemen as the poorest Arab countries, and as dependence income from oil revenues, which account for 76% of the state budget. The country is mired in an economic tailspin forced the devaluation of the riyal, with mounting debt, inadequate bank reserves, and can only cover half of the imports required annually. The increased cost of living, especially given the high price of imported staples such as rice, wheat and corn, in addition to the worsening drought and the sharp increase in the cost of fertilizers, promote social unrest and the sense of frustration with the state. With a population of 23 million inhabitants, 65% are under 25 years and unemployment is 40%. 50% of the population lives below the poverty line.


The massive illiteracy, lack of economic diversification as the expiry of its oil within a few years, and even more serious dilemma of water shortages also weighed in this alarming situation in Yemen. Security is broken mainly by the tribal structure, the proliferation of weapons, and that Yemen is becoming a safe haven for members of Al Qaeda. This instability is looming dangerously close to a strategic area for the global economy: the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb.


According to Foreign Policy magazine and the Fund for Peace accredited institution, Yemen is located in the place 15, the ranking of the so called "Failed States", based on key social indicators such as population pressure (23 million), the humanitarian crisis, the inter-tribal clashes, uneven economic development between groups, the growth of informal economy, the level of debt, poverty level, the level of corruption of the elite, the level of distrust in institutions and state processes, the degree of fragmentation of the elite (The Fund for Peace, 2010).


events in Tunisia and Egypt achieved trigger political unrest in Yemen. The news of the resignation of Hosni Mubarak was shocking to the Yemen. The anti-government demonstrations were fired and with equal intensity repression by supporters of President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who came protesters armed with knives and sticks. January 27, the opposition went to the streets carrying placards demanding the resignation of President Saleh, shouting slogans such as "Ben Ali was after 20 years. 30 years in Yemen, that's enough, "ITU are the third, O Ali!" Denouncing corruption and calling for political and social improvements; riots that have continued until today.


The Yemeni president called the protesters "thugs" working for foreign powers seeking to destabilize the country and its government. On February 3, the day, called "Day of Wrath", was held as planned by the opposition. While the government sent thousands of his followers to Tahir Square (Liberation), in the center of the capital, where he was provided the meeting of opponents. Students then changed the place where they did demonstrations. Thousands of people also spoke out peacefully on the third-largest city, in Taiz.


Young Protestants settled on the campus of the University of Sana'a and the three surrounding streets, there are at least 20.000 grouped opponents, as in the city of Aden, shouting in unison "No one hereditary system, not an extension of the mandate. " The opposition decided to join the protesters, made up to now mainly by students, to demand from Tahrir Square's regime fell. The regime fell down to the security forces, who fired at close range and gassed the protesters to dismantle the camps set up there by students and other groups of protesters.


The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon expressed concern at the events and urged the government and opposition groups in Yemen to open a dialogue to avoid further deterioration of the Yemeni crisis, because of the repression unleashed by police forces in University Square, against those who demanded political reforms and an end to the 32-year tenure of Sale. The holder of the UN urged the authorities to respect the rules of international humanitarian law and to investigate the alleged existence of extra-judicial killings. Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State United States asked the government to implement reforms, and called unacceptable violence by security forces to quell protests.


The major riots have occurred in the city of Taiz, considered the cultural capital of Yemen, located south of the capital, Sanaa. Taiz was the first city to mobilize against the regime of President Saleh following the example of Tunisia and Egypt. Since mid-February, thousands of girls and women remain camped in the Place de la Libertad. Common among Yemenis with the remaining protesters from the Islamic world is the order of improvements in living conditions in a country where half the population (about 12 million) live on less than two dollars a day and one-third suffer from chronic hunger.


Furthermore, civil disobedience has virtually paralyzed the port city of Aden. Opposition groups have been launched there a civil disobedience campaign, supporting that takes place in northern cities, and although able paralyze trade and port activity adenita has not been as consistent as in other cities, especially in Sana'a and Taiz. In the case of the southern portion of Yemen, centered in the cities of Aden and Mukalla, the complaint most voceada has been the marginalization of the region since the country's unification in 1990, which has returned with great force to the separatist movement who wants to regain independence for the former Democratic Republic of Yemen.


What has attracted attention is the participation of women in all cities, where thousands constantly walk the streets of major cities (Aden, Taiz, Hodeidah, Sana'a, Mukalla, Lájei). Women, have highlighted the activist-Maktari Bush, in a few weeks it has become a leader of the opposition. On the other hand, the opposition, Hassan Machaimaa, exiled in London, announced his return to the country, despite the terrorism charges. The opposition has resorted to "sit" of thousands of Yemenis in public places the road blocks and in cases, bloody clashes, the "executions" of renowned Yemeni president's defenders, as well as state of rebellion in some military units.


The use of force, gas, armored vehicles and tanks was not sufficient to stop the demonstrations. However, as in Libya, so far the demonstrations have failed Yemeni the effect they had in Egypt, who capped his victory forcing President Hosni Mubarak to resign his office. And, moreover, have not borne fruit orders of President Saleh to the opposition, to cease their protests, with a view to negotiate a "peaceful transfer of power."


President Saleh, told reporters that will not go over that "through the ballot box, despite the intensification of rejection. He also warned the opposition not to organize demonstrations, and causing "chaos and destruction", and urged them to participate in a national unity government. In turn, announced a package of measures to calm the situation presidential, promising he would not run the following presidential election and that his son would not seek the presidency. He also presented a plan for constitutional reform. "I propose a new initiative to the country to avoid sedition, "he told thousands of people gathered in Sana'a, promising" a referendum before the end of the year to vote on a new constitution which clearly envisage the separation of powers. "


However, his words have not received the enthusiastic support of the opposition, on the contrary, his opponents did not agree to the negotiation and considered these actions as a ploy by President Saleh. "The president's initiative is over, is the death certificate of the political regime whose purpose claimed by the protesters, "Mohamad told AFP al-Sabri, spokesman of the parliamentary opposition.


three weeks ago after the killing of 52 people in the city of Sana'a, it seemed that President Saleh was ready to go and even started to negotiate the terms. However, since then, the president is dedicated to mobilize their supporters, making it clear they do not plan to resign. Yemen is facing this wave of protests, compared to previous decades, is suffering from a state that has eroded his power and ability to exercise authority throughout the territory, which prevents it from meeting the basic needs of the population.


The increasing demand made by the demonstrators, political participation and economic, and the rapid reduction of revenues, weakened the traditional Salé president's ability to maintain a viable political coalition. It appears that the withdrawal from the scene of President Saleh is inevitable, but the uncertainty is the later development in the distribution of power between the forces vying for it.


The great difficulty of this popular movement is whether it can achieve. after the departure of President Saleh, removal from membership of the powerful CGP, their positions and functions, which also have an undeniably strong tribal support. And many of his political skills have assumed to be "reformers" and put personal distance to President Saleh, splitting the ruling party into two independent blocks, aspiring to be the beneficiaries of this popular revolt.


Undoubtedly the Yemeni survey was initiated by students, civil society activists, by masses of unemployed and marginalized by many frustrated with the behavior and dynamics of political parties to which they belong. These young people from diverse tribal and territorial coalesced through social networks, television stations and activities of civil organizations. This amalgamation has symbolized the legitimacy of change, becoming center of gravity for the disaffected of the regime. His dozens of martyrs, especially the March 18, when more than 52 young people lost their lives, have unleashed a string of defections from the regime, finally tipping the balance against President Saleh and his acolytes.


But little by little, the voice that calls for the resignation of President Saleh, leaks away from the hand of the protesters, and is focusing on core traditional political parties, employers, tribes and groups of interest that have jumped the bandwagon of late events.


Salé presidential crisis deepened when the powerful tribal sheikhs Bakeel confederation, the tribe which now shares power, as the sheikhs of the other tribal confederation, the Hashid, his native tribe to which betrayed him, reached an agreement to remove the President Saleh, leaving you with no social base. The big surprise, then triggered the demonstrations, was the virtually unanimous support of the tribesmen and Bakeel Hashid the protests. This is due to two factors: first, the Saudis, to support economically important sheikhs of both confederations, decided to abandon the president Saleh, seeking to resolve quickly the movement, that had no impact on Saudi Arabia. Moreover, in the two tribal confederations reigns a deep dissatisfaction with President Saleh practices, especially the Hashid, from which President Saleh, and is not to throw in his lot on the losing side.


The estimate is that more than 120 people have died and some 5,000 wounded since the start of the protests in February. This was the reason why many military commanders, including Gen. Ali Mohsen, a tribesman Hashid decide to join the protests, which meant the final wake-up call to President Saleh. Although the General Ali Mohsen said he has no interest in taking power or positions of State.


Meanwhile, the Pentagon called for a negotiated solution to the Yemeni transition as soon as possible. The Pentagon press secretary Geoff Morrell would express that the situation was very difficult and that the more time passed it would become more difficult. The fact that Saudi Arabia has put forward the same arguments and almost the same language suggests an agreement between the Saudis and Americans in the case of Yemen. In London, the Foreign Minister, William Hague stated that they were shocked by the bloodshed, condemning the indiscriminate use of violence by security forces, especially when President Saleh had promised to restrict the maximum use of the security forces to control peaceful demonstrations.


Gulf Arab countries invited representatives of government and opposition hold talks in Saudi Arabia. But Saleh has ignored the orders of a power transfer plan proposed by the opposition, accepted by almost all Arab countries, including dissident General Ali Mohsen, and the representative of the opposition parties, Mohammed Al-Sabri.


to discredit President Saleh, the Yemeni security forces, its guard president, he was made a general attack on Mohsen, also firing at a group of faithful, many of whom lost their lives.


The Yemeni political scene today is as follows:


a) The General People's Congress (GPC) ruling party has its power base in the powerful and warlike tribes Bakeel, bordering Saudi Arabia.

b) The Joint Committee on Games (CCP), founded in 2002, a relatively cohesive coalition of at least six opposition formations.


c) The Islamic Congregation for Reform; the Islah party, which brings together moderates and Islamic fundamentalists.

d) The Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), single ruling party in South Yemen before unification.


These parties form the SPCs have been mobilized in support of the demonstrations, each from its particular vision of the future Yemen, being both extremes: those who seek to establish an Islamic society "Taliban" maintained by the sharia (with deep roots in the northern parts of the country), and the factions and members to promote the modernization and democratization of the structures (essentially the coastal region from Hodeidah-Taiz and Aden and South).


The good news is that all parties could benefit from changing the rules of the political game, especially if they can impose an electoral system to replace the current single candidate constituencies.


The crisis which has engulfed Yemen never had international attention. Underdevelopment that eats the country, tribal clashes, internal displacement by armed conflict and massacres, acute water crisis, the incredible unemployment, etc., were never part of the agenda to be solved by the wealthy petro-oligarchy Arab or Western powers.


was from the Yemeni territorial transformation training base for Al-Qaeda when the West put his real attention there. It was childish to think that was neutralized in Yemen to the Al-Qaeda when they settled the Abu al-Hariti dangerous, one of the leaders involved in the attack on the USS Cole in Aden in 2000. Should not forget that the Arab army that participated in the jihad against Soviet occupation in Afghanistan was made in the vast majority of Yemenis recruited by Osama bin Laden, who is considered a Yemeni.


Already in 2009, Al-Qaeda was showing signs of resurgence in Yemen, supported by the spiritual leader of Anwar al-Aulaqui, and the pact between the Saudi fundamentalists with Yemeni fundamentalists, who conceived the AQAP (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula). U.S. bombing of alleged Al-Aulaqui dens, and military aid to the government in Sanaa, did not stop the growth or the actions of Al-Qaeda terrorists. Please note that the President Sana'a used this military aid from Washington to crack down on Houthi and secessionist rebels in the south.


No government in South Yemen in its history, or even the British in colonial times FNLA or socialists, or the current in Sanaa have managed to control the borders between South Yemen and Saudi Arabia. A no man's land, scorched by heat above 120 degrees, where a country not known where it begins and ends on another. Earth rather than favorable that provides access to Al-Qaeda, through the desert to the borders of most Middle Eastern countries. But even that element should not surprise since from the notion that Ben Laden is a Yemeni Hadramut clan, and all descendants Ben-Laden, as the notorious Osama, are there (and not in Saudi Arabia) its tribal and support network, it was logical to Al Qaeda gravitation toward the uninhabited sands southeast Yemen, in which the administrative and political control of central government in Sanaa has been and is practically zero.


In this scenario, President Saleh for a while decided to play both cards (the West and Al-Qaeda) as a policy against Al-Qaeda front could bring the rejection of the northern tribes, practitioners of fundamentalist Islam. Often the view that President Saleh has been a key ally of the United States and Saudi Arabia in the campaign against terrorism. However, in its policy for both countries, has proved difficult as an agent, which has often faltered in two positions on primarily by Shiite tribal influence in the country, and the support that the bazaars have both Al Qaeda and all acts of violence against the United States.


still unknown what the new rules and policies adopted in Yemen, the day after the fall of President Saleh. We do not know how far the depth of change achieved by these young people, who need to consolidate the revolutionary power, economic resources and technical resources that enable them to compete socially, politically and economically with the traditional tribal political.


Uncertainties ranging from whether there will be a secession of the south, centered in the city of Aden, which is very likely, but it will be a source of violent conflict between the two territories, or the crystallization of Huthi fundamentalist rebellion in the north, or whether the country will remain united with its center in Sana'a. Or rather, the northern part of Yemen, divided his time between rebel tribesmen Huthi bordering Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea coastline, with the axis of the city of Taiz and Hodeidah port.


From the strategic point of view, Yemen, located in the Gulf of Aden, as well as central chorus of the Arabian Peninsula, and Emporium Al-Qaeda, together with the Gulf states is more important to U.S. interests than Libya. It is estimated that Yemen is the country with more guns per capita in the world: 4 firearms per person.


At this time of weakening of central power over the Islamic world and the dilemma of Yemen, the fundamental question for America and the West in general is: which regime will last longer if Saudi Arabia or Iran. If Saudi Arabia does exceed this turmoil, will mean a strategic victory for the West, but if Iran manages to find among the new revolutionary regimes changes closest to their policy, both in Egypt with the Muslim Brotherhood in Libya with the pro-Islamist, as in Yemen with the Shiites, the Ayatollah's theocracy overshadow achieved U.S. influence throughout the Middle East.


While democracy is now part of the identity of much of the world, especially in industrialized countries, but can not be guiding the strategic center of the great political scheme for the Middle East, it would amount to put aside the interests of national security, however cynical an interpretation. Precisely because the Islamic world is already a hive, the more sound is to be prepared for future crises that may cause these changes, much more to worry about the crisis of the moment.


The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the fragility of Pakistan, the Iran's nuclear drive, possible Israeli military response, the possible secession of Libya between Berbers and Arabs, the possible secession between North Yemen and tribal south, the question of future Saudi alignment of Shiite Iraq with Shiite Iran after the departure of American troops, are problems that will not be solved by a policy based on ethical principles of democracy.

Perhaps these crisis of the Islamic world are teaching foreign policy that all moral issues ultimately are overshadowed by issues of power. At present, promote the overthrow of Libyan Muammar el-Qaddafi does not represent or affect the strategic interests of Europe or the United States. But going to the crushed Shia in Bahrain, or the Protestant northern Yemeni Shiites, in their eagerness to strengthen the sharia, whether it affects the general policy of the West for the region.


In any of the alternative futures of Yemen, violence does not seem to be absent. Not without reason, the last British High Commissioner in Aden Mounbatten Lord, who led the decolonization of South Yemen in 1966, argued that with the Yemen Arab world had just received the most complex and explosive problems.

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Rise of the Planet of the Apes

Poster: Collider - 20th Century Fox

This Summer lovers saga Planet of the Apes are in luck. Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a new vision of the fourth installment of the series Rise of the Apes (1972) and a prequel Planet of the Apes original (1968), no connection to the 2001 version of Tim Burton. Behind the Weta Digital effects is responsible, inter alia, of the spectacular effects of Avatar, The Lord of the Rings or District 9. Andy Serkis, actor who played Gollum, is under the skin of Caesar. In Rise of the Planet of the Apes a young scientist bases his work on finding a cure for Alzheimer's, to do research with a chimpanzee named Caesar. When you decide to cancel his research, scientist Cesar takes her home to continue their evolution. Eventually the chimp even begin to talk and become instrumental in the outbreak of the revolution against human apes. Rise of the Planet of the Apes s and released on August 5 2011 in the United States, we have not been confirmed, but that date is also rumored to Spain .


Trailer: 20th Century Fox Directed by

British Rupert Wyatt and starring, among others, James Franco (127 hours, Harry Osborn in Spider-Man series, The Dead Girl India's ...), Freida Pinto (which gave Slumdog Millionaire know which end of the year released Immortals) Tom Felton (Harry Potter saga, 13hrs, The Disappeared ... in October we will see in Spain on The Apparition, which we'll talk) and Andy Serkis (which as stated above plays Caesar and not her first experience ape, and who played Kong in the 2005 version of King Kong. Also, as indicated earlier, did Gollum in the saga of The Lord of the Rings and will embody in the saga of The Hobbit).

Rise of the Planet of the Apes our greatest discovery will become our biggest threat.

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Cuba, Republic of artisans

Vicente Loot

Madrid, April 13, 2011


Fifty-two years after coming to power and when they are about to turn 85 and 80, respectively, Fidel and Raul Castro have not yet agreed on the model of society we want to build. On November 17, 2005, in his speech in the auditorium will University of Havana, the Maximum Leader called for "re-socialist society" because the revolution, he said, was in danger of disappearing undermined by corruption. Five years later, in July 2010, Raul Castro, also imbued with a late founding spirit, announced an "upgrade" model, without sacrificing "the least to the construction of socialism." So many years the two brothers have announced that they to build socialism that Cubans often say sarcastically that would save a lot of trouble if they decide to buy it done.



With so many Castro adjustments both in his final hours trying to avoid the mess and go hand in hand at the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, to light a new-old plan of salvation which is entitled "Draft Guidelines for the Economic Policy Social Party and the Revolution. " The Congress, which should have taken place in 2002, five years after the previous one held in 1997, most likely elect Raul Castro as the new first secretary of the Politburo, replacing his brother, who holds the position since the founding of party in 1965. According to the statutes of the PCC, Congress "examines and provides channels for the solution of important problems in the construction of socialism. " But those roads have not always been in the same direction. The disastrous management of the state's economy needed the help of private initiative to return after the starting point once the crisis.


In 1993, after the loss of Soviet subsidies that kept the island afloat, Fidel Castro was forced to accept an unprecedented economic reform after his brother Raul was convinced that "beans are more important than the guns. " Among these reforms, the Commander in Chief reluctantly authorized private job for 115 activities, including mechanic, bricklayer, plumber or a barber. The licenses were granted to artisans. Academics and party leaders were prohibited from self-employment. In 1995 the licenses were extended to 157 offices and cleared some family business such as renting rooms or small restaurants, the famous taste. The new entrepreneurs, some 200,000 in total, had to cope with high taxes and they could not hire employees.

never saw Fidel Castro welcomed the thrust of those who contemptuously called merolicos or self-employed, who had to resort to bribery to circumvent the rigid controls state, and the black market to ensure supplies. For Fidel Castro, that breed of "new rich" was a blur in a supposedly egalitarian communist society. His speeches increasingly aggressive against them finally resulted in the closure of many business and Timbiriche, the stifling tax and indiscriminate withdrawal of licenses.


Two decades later, Raul Castro takes over the rabbit from the hat of self-employment as a panacea for addressing the country's economic crisis. And Fidel Castro walking beside him as his traveling companion, forgotten his anathemas against those who once described as "bandits" and "speculators." The "Draft Guidelines for the Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution" is a new twist to the old sock revolution, another "betrayal" of the egalitarian principles of state capitalism that Fidel Castro imposed on the Cuban people. Again

artisans will be the striker to prevent the revolution from sinking. Yesterday the unauthorized trades were 157 and today 178. Thousands of Cubans have applied for licenses to work in the most varied professions. The revolution was proud to give all Cubans college, now offers the possibility of a better life working as cobblers. The monthly salary of a doctor or an engineer is less than 15 euros per month, while a hairdresser can quintupled and also have paid employees, although they euphemistically call "contract workers requested by the self-employed to work with them."


If, Ilya Erenburg, Spain was a "republic of workers," Cuba is poised to become a republic of artisans. The state retains ownership of the means of production, but licenses to work in a thousand and one offices, but without the right to exercise other professions. It is a return to "embryonic capitalism", as defined pejoratively Fidel Castro. Cubans say sarcastically that the tourists are offered the prostitutes (sex workers) more educated on the planet and it reads now also for the artisans. Output is provided by Castro after half a century of revolution. It's what they call "update" the economic model. And just left them take the second star to the right, flying until dawn to get to Neverland.


Source: http://www.infolatam.com/2011/04/13/cuba-republica-de-menestrales/

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Two tips for Castro sorry



In Cuba, change is coming. Not because we say or decide what Raul Castro. The change is underway. The story does not stop. If you consider yourself a revolutionary, or if it was, whether it was Castro or if it is, take a moment to read these two councils. Then decided whether faces or pushing the wheel of history.


1) The Castro regime is no philosophy or political theory. Is Fidel Castro and make the last five years is to make his brother Raul. The Castro was how Castro was able to convince the people that would lead to justice, happiness and prosperity. For that took half a century, one hundred billion dollars Soviet subsidies and who knows how many billions of dollars of grant Chavez. Fidel, during that time, sold them and bought them all democratic countries: Canada, Spain, Germany, France, England, Japan, Brazil, Argentina, etc. Today no one wants to give credit because they do not pay. Do not continue to believe that the embargo is responsible for a disaster birth of the communist system. Be honest. The balance of the Castro regime'm not going to give me, and Raul Castro gave it when he said the country was on the brink. The Castro regime is no theory and praxis has been a failure.



2) If you thought that being a revolutionary was to be Castro, I assure you I was wrong. Being a revolutionary was and is to support all the necessary changes to benefit the people of Cuba. Be Fidel Castro was to follow as it is an idol. Maybe you were a fan of Fidel, but that was not and is to be revolutionary. Madonna has fans, Maradona well. If you believed to be a Marxist revolutionary was also wrong. Being a revolutionary is not married to a dogma and a willingness to welcome the annihilation of anyone who does not believe in him and continue to support it even though experience shows that is not valid. Karl Marx was a revolutionary in the nineteenth century. Marxists as well. But have long since Marxism is retrograde. Mikhail Gorbachev, the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the USSR, realized that more than two decades. Deng Xiaoping, the heir of power in China, Mao's death, rejected Marxism over 25 years. If you are a Marxist today, you are so backward as was the Catholic Church when he burned who did not believe in its dogmas or condemned Galileo Galilei for supporting the idea that the earth revolved around the sun.



So I advise you not to continue to defend the Castro regime failed and Marxism is reactionary. Support the change. Which will bring prosperity for all, bring justice and freedom. No more men follow, follow ideas, but neither fans with them. Times change and always require new solutions. Reject the Castro and Marxism does not a great fan of the U.S. or capitalism. Truth is revolutionary, worry about Cuba and its people. Do not defend the failure of anyone other than an accomplice. Defend your future, your children and your people.

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Dylan Dog: Dead of Night

Poster: Platinum Studios

already released in Russia and Italy and after its passage by the American Film Market , this month comes to U.S. theaters Dylan Dog: Dead of Night , a mixture of comedy and horror zombie , based on best-selling horror comic books in Italy and has been translated into several languages, including English. In Dylan Dog: Dead of Night its protagonist, a world-class researcher specializing in matters relating to the undead, armed with his intellect and an arsenal of silver bullets and wooden, must track a dangerous artifact before war breaks out between the zombies, werewolves and vampires living undercover in the streets of New Orleans. Dylan Dog: Dead of Night comes to U.S. theaters this April 29, 2011 . Brazil released on August 19 and for Spain and Latin America at the moment, we have no official dates record.


Trailer:

Platinum Studios Directed by Canadian Kevin Munroe (TMNT - Youth Mutant Ninja Turtles) and starring, among others, Brandon Routh (Superman Returns) Sam Huntington (coincided with Routh in Superman Returns, appearances on CSI ...) and Iceland's Anita Briem (2008 version of Journey to the Center of the Earth, La Monja are pending release ... Elevator .)

Dylan Dog: Dead of Night , Is there a pulse? no problem.

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totalitarianism and repression: Cuba



With the disintegration of the USSR and the rejection of Marxism-Leninism in China, only two countries left behind. In Korea and Cuba still flies the flag of communism discredited.


The two families in power in Korea's Kim and Castro in Cuba, have insisted on maintaining their privileges trying to defend a doctrine that failed miserably everywhere it was implemented.


The economy in both countries is in bankruptcy. In Korea, the famine is a constant threat. The country survives on the proceeds of a policy of blackmail which helps extract the West.


In Cuba's economy has been crippled by Grant Chavez, the income received by remittances and Cuban exiles over an industry Tourist subject to artificial social peace which can crumble at any time.


As in any totalitarian dictatorship, the kingpin is repression. The Castro regime remains a tightrope. So apply a selective repression against their opponents without reaching the levels of violence characteristic of the first stage of the dictatorship of the proletariat.


This type of repression that might characterize low intensity, is the product of circumstances:


The weakness of the regime


Castroism fears that the implementation of bloody violence cause a runaway reaction in a population apparently tamed.


The recent riots in the Arab case in point. Peoples who for nearly half a century patiently accepted corrupt and murderous dictatorships have reacted to an unexpected boldness aggression as completely unacceptable. The Cubans do not have to why an exception.


The Castro regime is broken internally by the failures of the system, international isolation, lack of faith in their leaders and internal corruption. There is no possibility of a "Cultural Revolution" in Cuba.


The nomenclature is in crisis, aware that the scheme is in its final stage, regardless of what this delay. Only a minority of the repressive apparatus is ready to machar their hands with blood. They are aggressive individuals and criminals. Most seek a solution on the horizon.


external dependence


Tourism is an industry very vulnerable to the political problems of a nation. Castro's tyranny is to be avoided at all costs an image of instability in Cuba could affect the entry of tourists.


represents income Exile the Castro regime than those of tourism. For this reason, the dictatorship is bound to take care of the impact of harsh repression may have in the exile community. This can react to Washington demanding a harder line towards the regime.


Without the socialist market without subsidy from the USSR, the Cuban regime was helpless. The grant Chavez depends on a man in power and therefore is subject to their future in Venezuela.


The only way left for the dictatorship is an arrangement with the United States and a basic condition to reach it implies a level of repression politically acceptable to the United States.


The Castro regime continues its stay in power for nothing. Its life cycle is ending. Intends to implement changes that imply an easing of political control. The low-intensity repression is a double-edged sword, try to maintain a balance in a society that is in the abyss or skirts, while discouraging the only energy that can be removed completely liberated Cuba from backwardness and poverty : of the people.

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totalitarianism and repression: the tomb of Mao cava



The schism caused by the criticism of Khrushchev to Stalin's crimes fed gradual revisionism of Marxism-Leninism in the communist world. It also prompted an angry reaction from Mao Zedong.


Mao's actions against what he considered a heresy against Marxism-Leninism had a significance far greater than the allegations against Stalin in hastening the end of the communist world.


In 1958 Mao mobilized the entire population of China in a titanic effort known as "The Great Leap Forward." With him in five years intended to make China an industrial giant. The results were catastrophic. Among other things caused famines that killed millions of peasants.


revisionism Aware that took power in China in 1966, Mao launched another campaign purification: the Cultural Revolution. It was a purge of the entire society, the communist party and the army that lasted until 1976. The first member of the government was publicly tortured and killed was the minister of coal, an official Mao despised because of his criticism of "The great leap forward" .


The eldest son of Deng Xiaoping was arrested, tortured and became a paraplegic after he attempted suicide or was thrown from a third floor while under arrest. In that decade, three million people died violent deaths. The result of the so-called "Cultural Revolution" was a real economic meltdown, political and social.


Mao's power was completely debilitated. This and his death opened the door to a radical change. The Great Transformation of China's economy to capitalism.


If the first blow to communism Nikita Khrushchev had "no knowledge of the significance of his claim," the second and final as the Chinese would deliberately in 1979 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping.


The onset of reforms and successes in China preceded by six years of Mikhail Gorbachev's speech in Leningrad in 1985, which proposed the initiation of reform communism in the USSR.


We could summarize that the Stalinist repression was causing a backlash in the ranks of the Soviet Communist Party with important long-term implications. Stalin had economic achievements and the effort of World War II catapulted him undeservedly to hero status. Despite this repression was sentenced.


Mao on the contrary again and again failed in its major projects overwhelming human cost. Repression was of Mao that led him to political failure, and he opened the door to Chinese revisionism a decisive influence on events in the USSR before his disappearance. Continue


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Poster: Tokyo Films

We were waiting for your ad to premiere in Spain, but until now still no news, so we believe it is time to give your space Muda House, Uruguayan film that was part of, among other festivals, the Festival of Sitges last and drew attention from the beginning, some even compared it to REC. In fact was submitted in January American remake, Silent House . It was filmed in one sequence shot with a digital camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II, which reduced their cost to about 6,000 dólaes. Muda House is based on real echos , a terrible crime that took place in Uruguay in the early 40's. Its protagonists, father and daughter, are hired to remodel a remote country mansion that will soon be put up for sale. Spend the night there to begin work the next day. All goes smoothly until we began to hear strange noises. Will soon begin an ordeal, we will live the last seventy-eight minutes of history, in which the protagonist trying to get out alive a house that holds a dark secret. Muda House has already opened in theaters Latin Americans in Europe already opened in France and next Friday, April 8, 2011, see light UK . In Spain, for the moment, we have to wait .


Trailer: Tokyo

Films Directed by Gustavo Hernandez (The Silent House is his debut) and starring Florence Colucci, Gustavo Alonso, Abel and Tripaldi Maria Salazar .

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communist totalitarianism and repression: The historical scrutiny

Like all political phenomenon, totalitarianism have had to answer to his promises, achievements and costs. The historical record has never been positive.


In some cases totalitarian ideology disappeared. Nazi National Socialism died as a result of military defeat to the Allies in World War II. Under communism, the process has been different. Failed in their battle against capitalism and democracy. Both the ideological field or c mo in economic development.


repression appeared to be the essential instrument of the proletarian vanguard in their march towards the future, became its own poison. The feature from Hannah Arendt to Jean Kirkpatrick was studied as an essential feature of the system had fatal consequences.


The Communist Party's repression was always monopolized by an individual. Representative of a minority within the minority who used it as a weapon to defend their interests and privileges.


persecution, surveillance and police brutality that at one time was justified by fans and supporters, lost legitimacy among many of them.


The dictatorship of the proletariat was supposed to be a temporary stage in the process became the permanent goal, moving the arrival of the communist paradise unattainable.


The institutionalization of violence in all its forms sealed the fate of the Marxist-Leninist utopia. The communist revolution was violated his own death.


If we analyzed from a Marxist point of view, repression prevented the full fundamental debate fulfill its role regenerative process. The repression ended preventing the evolution of the system.


In the USSR the first official criticism of repression in 1956 was the denunciation of Stalin's crimes by the new Kremlin leader Nikita Khrushchev. Although this claim did not stop the communist repression if it was a brake signal to the use of purges against party members. It was the beginning revisionism of the entire system.


Victims of past or memories came back as an accusing finger. The new citizens of the "classless society" understood that they were subjects of the operation of a New Class. The system began to break up both inside and out.


The millions of deaths, lack of freedom and the trauma caused to entire generations began to excel on economic and social achievements. Costs social and human rights could not be justified.


Experience showed that the compliance achieved by totalitarian regimes was a temporary circumstance. Was the product of terror, indoctrination, displacement or destruction of the old culture, family breakdown etc.


totalitarianism in temporarily reached a certain level of social conformity, repression tended to decrease with time and changed forms more subtle and less violently open. He could not be exercised against the old enemy. They had been defeated and in many cases had already disappeared.


Contradictorily had to be applied against members of the new socialist society. Contradictions then further weakened to a system already in crisis.


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totalitarianism and Repression: Mullah Omar Stalin



Repression is an innate characteristic of totalitarian regimes. The regime is doomed when it ceases to suppress. In the process of destroying culture and impose pretotalitarian new ideas, the system requires that obedience is absolute. For this reason, in its first phase is excessively brutal repression. His goal is not to punish but to terrorize. Over time, the repression must take other forms. Jean Kirkpatrick argues that:


"The main task is to turn totalitarian ideology in culture ... to the extent that new beliefs are accepted, establishing new habits, should decline the need for enforcement through aggressive programs 'changes in the way of thinking' and punishment of dissidents. " 1


Independent political slant of his followers, the totalitarian pattern is repeated in all time. One of the most recent is the totalitarianism of the Taliban. When the cult began to take over Afghanistan after the Afghans had defeated the invading Soviet army, the aim of Mullah Omar, Taliban leader, has been summarized in the direction of a Taliban official:


"You people must become so notorious for their atrocities to come to an area where people shake in their sandals. Anyone can do beatings and starve or thirst. I want his unit to find new ways of torture so terrible that the screams frighten even crows in their nests, and even if someone survives can never again have a night's sleep. " 2


To this end the Taliban banned: to laugh in public, listening to music, watching TV or video, play cards or chess and fly a kite. Was paid to the death to have a book that was not Islamic. Banned take photographs. Being arrested who had a bird cage and killed the bird. Women could not appear on the balconies of their houses and windows had to be painted so that they could not be seen from outside, etc..


The objective of the Taliban is the same as that of communist totalitarianism: that a person with doubts, maverick or maverick "can never again have a night's sleep."


communist repression is not as backward as the Taliban, but equally perverse. Millions of people have been victims. On April 11, 2003 three young Cubans were shot trying to flee Cuba by stealing a boat. The punishment was not related to the offense. In fact, the scheme was not interested in correcting the conduct of the accused, but to make a chilling effect on the population. Wanted to take the dream to flee from Cuba who think doing the same thing or something.


In one of his books, Alexander Solzhenitsyn described how the arrest quotas were sent by telegram from Moscow to all peoples of the USSR. In such cases, first arresting people and then accusing them of a social crime. The important thing was to sow terror "revolutionary."


In a village where they had made arrests, but there was to fill the quota, the Commissioner recalled that in the vicinity had a gypsy camp, and they fulfilled the requirement.


Cambodian Communists also gave a demonstration of repression practiced by communist tyranny in their early or when they are in danger. In the four years he ruled Cambodia from April 1975 to October 1979, killed two million people.


One of the two biggest bloody communism was Stalin attributed to him 23 million dead among those killed in the purges and famine victims in Ukraine. Mao was the most cruel of all, responsible for the deaths of more than 49 million people.

1) "Dictatorship and Double Standards" Simon and Schuster, p to pages 114 to 115
2) "The Sewing Machines of Herat" Christina Lamb, Perennial, p to Page 9

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