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Eleazar López Contreras

Military, political, and President of the Republic of Venezuela between 1836 and 1941. Although it was filed in the Registry under the name Jose Eleazar, as an adult began using the name Eleazar. His parents were Colonel Manuel María López Contreras Trejo and Katherine. Because his father died shortly after his birth, his maternal uncle, the priest Fernando Maria Contreras took care of their education and training. Begins his first years of study at Liberty (Capacho Viejo), in the private school of the sisters Jaimes and passes, then Independence (New Capacho), the schools run respectively by Luis Ignacio Velasco Maria Velasco and Rafael Bustamante. On September 15, 1893, he entered the Sacred Heart school in La Grita, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophical sciences on July 15, 1898. Later, encouraged by his patron, the elder Contreras, went to the University of Los Andes with the firm conviction to start medical school, but decides to join the Liberal Restoration Revolution. For this reason, the May 24, 1899 was presented to the general purposes Cipriano Castro to offer their services, which consider Castro rejected him and his teammate Carlos Rangel Cárdenas, as "too young," to the evidence before them. However, López Contreras continued to insist until the May 25 joined the movement of troops from San Cristobal and the June 2, he was appointed assistant deputy battalion Libertador. Begins his military life in Castro's campaign, accompanying it in its revolutionary progress since straining until his triumphal entry into Caracas on October 22, 1899. By 1900 he was appointed Adjutant of President Castro and battalion ayudantehabilitado Junín. During this time, commands several battalions Carabobo, conducting military surveillance at the possibility of a military uprising by Jose Manuel Hernandez, Mocho, being appointed also in 1901, chief Tucacas garrison. In mid-1902, Lopez Contreras was promoted to second assistant staff on the Casa Fuerte de Barcelona. He was then assigned to perform various administrative positions such as chief guard of Christopher Columbus (1907) and the Office of the Vela de Coro (1908). He was also manager of the Salinas de Araya (1913), rejoined in February 1914 the active Army with the rank of battalion commander Rivas first number 17, holding various positions such as battalion chief in Caracas until 1919, when he was appointed director of war. On October 28, 1924, by order of President Juan Vicente Gómez, was appointed as head of the Military Delegation representing the Venezuelan military in Peru, to celebrate the centenary of the Battle of Ayacucho. Upon the political events of 1928 and 1929, Lopez Contreras was in charge of the garrison in Caracas, as notified by the governor of the Federal District, Rafael María Velasco, despite measures taken to maintain public order, have not led to repressive acts. In this regard, in his book Changes for Military History of Venezuela, says it has never been supporter of the repressive measures as a means to eliminate the rebellion of youth and told him to General Juan Vicente Gómez your opinion to let the students arrested at the same university. On the occasion of the San Carlos barracks uprising (07/04/1928), López Contreras went to the site of events and tried to get those events were subject to military justice, exempting from acting as deputy judge, because among those involved included one of his sons, but was ordered to record everything in the hands of the governor of the Federal District. Following these events he was invited by forces opposed to Gomez to second a probable move by the general assembly Delgado Román Chalbaud, which however refused. Following the events of February and April and the intrigues of Uncle Gomez, Jose Rosario Garcia, against calls being sent to Táchira as commander of the Brigade No. 4. In late July 1930, Gomez was authorized to attend Maracay and appointed him chief of army staff, ad interim, in order to prepare the army to commemorate the centenary of the death of the Liberator. On 22 April the following year was appointed Minister of War and Navy for the duration of the temporary absence of the regular General Tobias Uribe, who had requested permission to travel to Europe for health. Appointed General Juan Vicente Gómez to serve as Chair of the Republic from 1931 to 1936, López Contreras was in charge permanently of the portfolio of War and Navy, July 13, 1931, in which he served until December 17 1935. After the death of Juan Vicente Gómez (17/12/1935), López Contreras despite the plans of the Gomez family is elected to replace him as acting president until the April 19, 1936, when Congress elected constitutional president the period 1936-1943. One of the first actions he took when he came to power, was addressed to the public through a radio address to announce his desire to reduce the presidential term of 7-5 years and prohibit the re-election to the period immediately following, which was enacted to reform the National Constitution July 16, 1936. Also, note that this radio address made by Lopez Contreras was the first time in the history of Venezuela, where the voice of the president was heard nationwide. Despite the political transition period that he had to lead, which seemed imminent outbreak of civil war, and that Lopez Contreras restricted the participation of sectors linked to the left managed to maintain a political balance between different political forces in play (gomecistas and communists) and steers the country towards a regime of greater freedoms. In that sense, this process was reinforced after the May 5, 1941, General López Contreras handover of power to make general Isais Medina Angarita to Congress that it had elected president for the period 1941-1946. After the coup of October 18, 1945 against the government of Medina Angarita, arrested, expelled and prosecuted. Then she goes to live in Colombia and the United States where he wrote his book The Triumph of Truth, in which government defends his work as a democratically oriented order which guaranteed civil liberties and private property and set basic standards in the field of social action in the text also fixed position against Democratic Action and the Marxist revolutionary doctrine. Regarding family life, we must López Contreras was first married to Luz María Wolkmar, whose marriage had 6 children: Blanca Rosa, Eleazar, Cristina, Cecilia, Fernando and Margarita. Later, he contracted a second marriage with Mrs. Luisa Elena Mijares, which received no offspring and, finally, to Maria Teresa Nunez Tovar who turn to be First Lady of the Republic in the period 1936-1941, taking with her 2 daughters Mercedes Harriet and Maria Teresa. In 1951, returned from abroad, to live in Caracas retired from political activity. Overall, governance of Lopez Contreras was influenced by its marked civility, which ultimately led to the transition of Venezuela towards a higher stage of public freedoms. He died at the age of 90 years, a senator for life. The Transition to Democracy General Eleazar López Contreras was appointed President of the Republic on 1st. January 1936 to complete the term of the late Juan Vicente Gómez. And then he was elected constitutional president for the period 1936-1942. On January 2, 1973, at the age of ninety years, died in Caracas Eleazar López Contreras, Military historian and politician. It was the last Commanding General of Venezuela. Eleazar López Contreras was born in Quenique, Tachira State on May 5, 1883. Lopez was one of the group of 60 that, Cipriano Castro usurped power in 1899. Unlike other military of the time, he was a career officer. On December 18, 1935 the Executive Cabinet meets in Maracay where Gomez had just died, and instructs the President Lopez Contreras, who reached the 20th Caracas, where you get a crowd as ever has been in the cradle del Libertador. The first thing López Contreras is to decree the release of political prisoners. On February 14, 1936 the masses explodes and produces an uncontrollable event. Requested in the Plaza Bolivar dissolution gomecista congressional majority and the addition of a Constituent Assembly. Government of Eleazar López Contreras 1936-1941: Overview - JV Gómez's dictatorship ended with his death in 1935. Immediately, the General Lee, was commissioned by the Presidency temporarily until the National Congress appointed him as Chairman of the Constitution, for the period 1936-1941. At the beginning of his presidency, the people fought in the streets against the injustices demanding an end to the inheritance gomecista. The general discontent that channeled students were FEV, new political parties and their leaders fresh out of prison or returning from exile, trade unions and intellectuals. López's government was relatively wide, especially in its first year. Among its measures include: the enactment of the new Constitution and a modern Labour Law (1936). The program also February 1936 and the three-year Plan (1938) for economic and social progress. It also established new institutions like the National Pedagogical Institute, the National Labour Office, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Ministry of Communications, the Venezuelan Children's Council, the Industrial Bank, the National Exchange and Export Control , and finally, in 1940, the Central Bank of Venezuela, and a government act that posterity has rejected wicked, but who has been justified, was the signing of border treaty with Colombia, April 5 1941, by which lost 108,000 Km2 of our territory.
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